Q: How Does Indira Gandhi Establish India’s Long History Of Peaceful Co-Existence?
Ans-
Indira Gandhi, the first female Prime Minister of India, played a significant role in India's history, but her legacy in terms of peaceful co-existence is a subject of debate. While she made efforts to maintain peace in certain aspects, her tenure was also marked by periods of conflict and political turbulence. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Non-Alignment Policy: Indira Gandhi, like her father Jawaharlal Nehru, adhered to a non-alignment foreign policy during her time in office. Non-alignment meant that India did not align itself with any major power bloc during the Cold War. This policy was seen as an attempt to maintain peaceful relations with both the Western and Eastern superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, respectively.
2. Efforts Towards Diplomacy: Indira Gandhi made diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts and disputes peacefully. For example, during her tenure, she played a role in mediating conflicts in the Indian subcontinent, such as the 1971 Indo-Pak War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. She also worked towards peaceful relations with neighboring countries, including Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan.
3. Nuclear Non-Proliferation: India under Indira Gandhi's leadership conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, which raised concerns about nuclear proliferation. However, she maintained that India's nuclear program was for peaceful purposes, and she advocated for nuclear disarmament on the global stage.
4. Internal Conflicts: It's important to note that Indira Gandhi's time in office was also marked by significant internal conflicts. The most notable of these was the period of emergency rule from 1975 to 1977, during which civil liberties were suspended, and political opposition was suppressed. This period was anything but peaceful co-existence within the country.
5. Role in Regional Conflicts: While Indira Gandhi pursued peaceful co-existence on the international stage, her government was involved in regional conflicts, including the support for various insurgent groups in neighboring countries like Sri Lanka and Afghanistan, which led to tensions with those nations.
In summary, Indira Gandhi's legacy regarding India's peaceful co-existence is mixed. While she pursued a non-alignment policy and made diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts peacefully, her tenure also witnessed significant internal strife, and India's involvement in regional conflicts raised questions about its commitment to peace. Her impact on India's history of peaceful co-existence is a subject of ongoing debate and interpretation.
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