Here are some short questions and answers based on the CBSE Class Nine Biology chapter "The Fundamental Unit of Life: Cell":
1. What is a cell?
Answer: A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit that can carry out the functions necessary for life.
2. Who is credited with the discovery of cells?
Answer: The discovery of cells is credited to Robert Hooke, who observed and described cells in cork under a microscope in 1665.
3. What are the two main types of cells?
Answer: The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
4. What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: The major difference is that prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
5. Define a plasma membrane.
Answer: The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a thin, semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
6. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Answer: The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
7. Name the organelle responsible for energy production in a cell.
Answer: The organelle responsible for energy production is the mitochondria.
8. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
Answer: The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell due to their role in producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
9. What are chloroplasts and in which type of cells are they found?
Answer: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
10. Define cytoplasm.
Answer: Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains various organelles and is the site of many cellular activities.
11. What are ribosomes and what is their function?
Answer: Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They translate the genetic code from the nucleus into functional proteins.
12. Differentiate between plant cells and animal cells.
Answer: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells lack a cell wall, chloroplasts, and have smaller vacuoles.
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